• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A system of illuminating a transparent glass article, such as a TV faceplate, for detecting optical defects. The source of illumination is tailored so as to be space invariant and results in producing a plurality of collimated beams which travel in a continuum of different directions. A uniformly illuminated diffuser plate with a mask has the attribute of enhancing refractive defects of a given magnitude while not detecting those of a more gradual refractive nature. The object is viewed with a linear diode array camera of a given acceptance angle.
    公开号:SU1433426A3
    申请号:SU853949707
    申请日:1985-07-25
    公开日:1988-10-23
    发明作者:Джон Бирингер Роберт
    申请人:Оуэнс Иллинойс,Инк (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    This invention relates to the inspection of glass products, such as bottles or cans, for the presence of optical defects.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the sensitivity of determining refracting defects.
    FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the proposed device; in fig. 2 - scheme of operation of the device; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 4 - system of control of glass vessels, general view; FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. 3; in fig. 6 shows a part of the optical tracking system of the device proposed, as this part is visible in section BB; in fig. 7 is a graph of measurements of the intensity of the light passing through the article, obtained using a portion of the tracking optical system shown in FIG. 6; in fig. 8 is a section bb of FIG. 3; FIG. 9 is a part of the optical tracking system of the intended device, since this part is visible in section B-Bj in FIG. 10 is a graph of changes in the intensity of light passing through the part of the product shown in FIG. 6 and recorded by the part of the tracking device. . The system shown in FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is a section G-D of FIG. 4 (the wall of the vessel on which the bubble is hidden in the wall); in fig. 12 shows the field of view of the camera, directed towards the part of the wall of the inspected glass housing shown in FIG. eleven; Fig. 13 is a graph of the output signal of the camera, in the field of which the part of the wall of the bottle under test shown in Fig. 2 is located. 12; FIG. 14 is a section DD-D in FIG. 3, (part of the product on which there is an impregnation in the wall of foreign material); FIG. 15 shows the field of view of the camera aimed at the part of the product shown in FIG. 14 | in fig. 16 is a graph of the output signal of the camera, in whose field of view there are
    The part of the product shown in FIG. 15,
    The lighting system (Fig. 1) is intended to illuminate the screen of a television tube for the selective detection of refractive defects, as well as inclusions of foreign materials, hidden vesicle vesicles and other functional defects in the glass.
    d „
    five
    0
    five
    Since television screens are of considerable size and are twisted in two mutually perpendicular directions, a three-channel system is more suitable for controlling their quality. Under the screen 1 adjacent to each other in a single line, transverse to the width of the screen, there are three light sources (Fig. 3). Each light source is positioned so that its central axis is oriented perpendicular to the part of the surface of the screen 1, opposite which the source is mounted. Each of the light sources 2 operates in tandem with a corresponding camera 3, whose axis of view coincides with the central axis of the corresponding source so that light passes through the almost flat portion of the screen illuminated from below by an appropriate light source. The field of view of the linear grating of the photosensitive elements of each of the chambers is a part of a narrow strip of the surface of the screen 1, perpendicular to the width of the screen, including the upturned edges of the screen. In practice, the screen 1 is fixed on a movable frame (not shown) during movement and moves along an arcuate path. The geometric center of the arc on which the support frame moves with the screen 1 installed on it coincides with the axis of curvature of the screen 1 in the direction of its length. When screen 1 moves along an arcuate path, its surface completely passes between sources 2 of light and chambers 3, thereby ensuring control of the entire visible part of the screen. The use of three separate light sources in the lighting system (FIG. 1) makes it possible to use smaller Fresnel lenses in the system and orient the central axes of the sources so that the resulting surface of the lighting system more fully corresponds to the curved surface of screen 1. However, in the design of the scattered light source , designed to illuminate the screen across its width, one Fresnel lens can be used, but in this case the lens must be of sufficient size.
    In the manufacture of glassware on conventional molding machines, there is always the likelihood of various defects in products that do not absorb light incident on them. Such formed during the formation of products, surface defects are divided into three categories.
    An example of such defects is the filamentous fold on the surface of the izdel;, in addition, the voids, which IB size dependencies are sometimes called bubbles or grains. Other defects include those associated with material heterogeneity. In the general case, all the indicated defects result in the refraction or reflection of the light falling on them.
    The detection of refracting defects in objects having simple geometry, for example in sheet glass, is carried out by relatively simple means. When the flat glass is backlighted by a focused beam of light, an optical system with a limited field of view installed on the opposite side of the glass perceives areas of the glass sheet where the transmitted light refracts as darker surface areas. The sensitivity of such a system with respect to defects of the inspected object depends on the magnitude of the angle of view of the lens and the angular dimensions of the backlight light beam. In addition, the detection of refractive defects in objects of the layered form, for example, defects in glass vessels, is a rather complicated problem. Refraction of light as it passes through a glass vessel is caused not only by the presence of reflective defects, but mainly by the shape of the vessel itself. In addition, the inner surface of glass vessels is formed freely, i.e., without being affected by the forming surface, therefore, the inner surfaces of vessels suitable for use may have significant curvatures. The curvature of the inner surface of glass vessels can be detected by conventional methods, for example, as flat glass.
    The inspection of television screens on the TV side for the purpose of detecting optical defects that render the screens unsuitable for their intended use begins before the final polishing operation, when necessary.
    0
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    MOs determine if there are small surface cracks on the outside of the screen. Such small surface cracks, when illuminated by a beam of light with a limited angular spectrum, cause the light to be transmitted through the screen.
    For the efficiency of the backlight, which enables the optical detection of defects, it is necessary to use a light source with a wider angular distribution, such as a source of scattered light. In these topics, the detection of defects that absorb light incident on them, unwanted effects caused by (Breaking Light can largely be determined by using an isotropic illumination of the object and observing the light passing through the object. An approximately cylindrical side wall when the light source is located on one side of the conveyor on which the inspected vessels move and the camera is located on the opposite side of the conveyor. The camera detects light from the source after passing through two walls of the vessel. the scattered light image of the wall of the vessel nearest to the camera does not significantly differ from its image in the absence of a second, farther away vessel wall. Just for simplicity, you can exclude the wall of the inspected vessel that is remote from the camera and closest to the light source and consider the principle of detecting defects on a system in which the inspected vessel has only one wall whose image is perceived by the camera. In most cases, vessels made on glass forming machines have a sedimentary wave, which usually forms below the median plane of the vessel, but slightly above the bottom of the vessel. A sedimentary wave defect forms when the bottle is blown out of a pear shaped billet in the mold because the glass in the ring portion of the billet, adjacent to the mold, is usually cooler than other parts of the billet, and therefore is not distributed as evenly as in others. parts x In this way.
    The sedimentary wave is a somewhat flattened lower annular portion of the forging wall of a glass vessel and only slightly changes the appearance of the glass vessel. If the appearance of the vessel is not a decisive factor in the suitability of the vessel for its intended use, the sedimentary wave may not be considered as a defect, but as a smooth, refracting optical defect in the side wall of the vessel.
    FIG. 2 shows a two-dimensional diagram of the passage of light through a glass product and the reception of light passing through the product by camera 3 having an angle of view S7. and forming the image of the neighborhood of point C on the surface of the product. If the product has a flat surface facing the light source 2, indicated by dotted line 4, then the light perceived by camera 3 from point C is emitted by part A of light source 2, if the product side facing light source 2 has a curved surface indicated by a solid line 5 (FIG. 2), the axis of view of camera 3 is deflected by angle Q as a result of light refraction, and camera 3 perceives light from point C, emitted in this case by section A of source 2 of light. If the latter is isotropic and has the same brightness over the entire area, then the image brightness of point C in the absence of light absorption in the case of refraction of the light passing through the product remains unchanged. The fact of light refraction can be established by masking part A of the light source 2. Such masking of the latter provides shading of section A and, consequently, the image of point C, formed by camera 3, appears as a dark spot against a brightly lit background. Thus, in the system, refractive defects of the product cause a decrease in the apparent transmission of light, just as shown for point C, i.e., they act like light-absorbing defects. The use of masks in defectoscopy is limited by the fact that they deprive the system.: Spatial invariance. When using a mask, the clarity and brightness of the image of this defect depends on the relative position
    points C and the edge of the mask 6 so that the clarity and brightness of the image of the defect appear depending on the transverse position of the defect in the field of view of the camera and on the distance of the object from the mask. Thus, even a moderate refractive defect located in a given part of the field of view can cause a weakening of the light passing through it, the same as the weakening of light passing through the larger refractive defect, but located in another part of the field of view. , but
    this means that the system is a spatial-variant system.
    These limitations can be circumvented if the apparent light transmission
    at point C, it depends only on the angles at which the axis of vision is deflected as a result of light refraction.
    Use for illuminating an object of a light source having an equal
    the dimensional luminance over the entire area and the non-isotropic intensity distribution; the intensity of the light passing through the object is independent of the location of point A on the source and, therefore, of the relative location of points C and A, which gives the required spatial invariance, c,
    It can be achieved that the scattered light source has a spatial distribution
    intensity, transformed on the side of the lens facing the object, in the angular distribution. In this case, the problem of selective suppression of B1-WILDING smooth surface defects can be solved by optical means. Since smooth surface defects are characterized by small angles of light refraction, they become invisible, if at such
    Malps corners of the light source have a uniform intensity distribution or a uniform angular spectrum.
    A special light source (Fig. 3) has the required angular spectrum and is equipped with an optical nozzle. In this case, the source 2 of the scattered light includes frosted glass 7, behind which is located - a plurality of incandescent lamps 8. The frosted glass 7 is located at a distance from the lens 9, the focal distance of which is equal to F. Each point of the source 2, for example points X and Y, behind the lens 9 forms
    collimated beam of light. Point X gives a collimated 1 beam of 10 light, and point Y gives a collimated beam of 11 light. The collimated light beam 10 is oriented parallel to the line passing from the point X through the optical center of the lens 9. Also the collimated light beam 11 is oriented parallel to the line passing from the point Y through the optical center of the lens 9. If the light source 2 is isotropic and liMeeT uniform distribution of luminance over the entire area, then the density of the light flux in two collimated beams is the same. If a mask 6 with the width a 2F tgQj is placed on the source of scattered light, then the angular spectrum of light between the lens and the object is limited to angles equal to or smaller than ± 0. Thus, by changing the width of the mask 6, you can change the angle Q, however, it is not necessary that the two-dimensional angular spectrum in the plane in front of the lens is isotropic, i.e. This spectrum can have an arbitrary configuration, which can be selected by changing the shape of the mask 6.
    The illumination system with non-isotropic angular spectrum is most suitable in the case of control of transparent bottles, because in profile they do not have circular symmetry. Thus, the use of a backlight (Fig. 3) allows the control of a spatially invariant backlight system using a masked source, which is a variant of the specified spatially-variant backlight system, which also uses a masked light source. The main effect of this backlight system is that it is highly sensitive to refractive defects, characterized by large angles of light refraction, and provides. more accurate detection of refractive defects. Camera 3, since it uses vertical linear scanning, the grid of photosensitive elements is focused on a line in the space through which objects to be inspected move. The light source 2 has the largest dimension in the d direction, i.e. in the direction of movement of the object under test or perpendicular to the axis of the glass 5 0 5
    ABOUT
    five
    about c q e
    In a different direction, the light source 2 may have a significantly smaller size. In the system under consideration, the light falling on the o6paTH To side of the object is an oriented light beam with a comparatively small spectrum of scattering angles as when using a scattering element, the light beams are oriented in all directions. The angular orientation of the backlight is determined in accordance with the physical and optical characteristics of the object under study and is achieved by choosing with The corresponding camera angle and focal length of the lens as a function of the mask size. Used in the design of the lens's light source ensures the directionality of the source's radiation.
    Each point of the source 2 of the scattered light is the source of a plurality of elementary rays that are emitted from the entire surface of the lens in the form of a parallel beam oriented in the direction of the line passing from this point of the source through the optical center of the lens. Each point of the light source generates a family of elementary rays, the directions of which are determined by the difference in the position of the point relative to the optical center of the lens, so that all points in front of the lens have an angular spectrum. light is the same, i.e. the backlight is spatially invariant. The illumination system allows the selection of the desired angular spectrum of light. Corner. the light spectrum must be chosen in such a way that it provides the maximum sensitivity of the system with respect to refractive defects, which must be detected, but for permissible smooth refractive defects, light with such an angular spectrum must remain sufficiently scattered. If the light of the illumination source is observed, then all refracting defects blur and they cannot be detected. In the field of view of the camera used in the system in question, at any given moment there is only a narrow vertical strip of the surface moving relative to the camera of the object under study.
    9U33426
    The angular spectrum of the light obtained in the illumination system provides a high sensitivity of the system with respect to pronounced refractive defects and the suppression of the sensitivity of the system with respect to smooth surface defects, such as glass vessel defects and other
    AND)
    through the top wall of the groove, light does not fall on the corresponding photosensitive elements (Fig. 5). In addition, the angle of inclination of the lower wall of the groove Q is smaller than the angle Q, therefore the refraction of light passing through this wall is obtained relatively
    small, i.e. on the corresponding products of transparent glass, moving the photosensitive elements of the camera
    6
    AND)
    The light passing through the upper wall of the groove does not hit the corresponding photosensitive elements (Fig. 5). In addition, the angle of inclination of the lower wall of the groove Q is smaller than the angle Q; therefore, the refraction of light passing through this wall is obtained relatively
    visible through the field of view of the camera 3. I Lens 9 can have enough. 1 large diameter, providing the possibility of illumination of the inspected vessel over its entire height (Fig 4). To inspect the vessel along the entire circumference of its side wall (Fig 4), after the first passage in the field of view of the camera 3, it should be rotated around the vertical axis 90 and then repeat the verification. The system should include electronic means to exclude output signals mounted in the chamber of photosensitive elements that are generated when light entering the chamber passes through. The edges of the inspected vessel. The mask 6 mounted on the diffuser of the light source can be brought into correspondence passage through the bubble defect
    The configuration of the inspected vessel is such that, in addition to the side wall of the vessel, control of the tapering part and neck of the vessel is ensured. In this case, the mask b can be performed in the form of a butterfly with open wings so that the wider part of the mask corresponds to the sloping part of the narrowing part of the inspected vessel.
    I Figures 5 and 8 show sections of the pstas of the screen of a television tube with two different surface defects that may occur during the manufacturing process of the screens. On the surface of the glass there is a thin groove, the edges of which have a different angle of inclination relative to the plane of the screen (Fig. 5). The upper wall of the groove has a large angle of inclination, f and the lower wall - a relatively small angle of inclination Q ,, The upper wall of the groove име having an angle of inclination Q ,, causes the light passing through it, resulting in a vertical row of light-sensitive elements 12 ( Fig. 6) produces an output signal (Fig. 7). The angle Q is much larger than the angle b and therefore the passage of the light hits almost without attenuation.
    FIG. 8 shows a section of a portion of a television tube screen with a small surface defect.
    the protrusion, the slopes of which have an angle of inclination Pj, the magnitude of which is less than the uglabd. In this case, as in the case of the lower groove on the screen surface (Fig. 5), the light does not weaken on the corresponding photosensitive elements 12, the light a diagram of output signals where all signals have the same level
    (Fig. 10),
    FIG. Figure 11 shows a section of a part of the screen of a television tube with a defect in the form of a bubble B concealed in glass. Light from a source of illumination.
    five
    0
    refracts, resulting in a deviation from the normal direction of the axes of vision of several photosensitive elements in the linear array of the camera, which makes it possible to detect the defect. However, the light passing through the center of the bubble defect is not refracted (Fig, 13).
    FIG. 12 shows that the bubble defect B attenuates the light of the light source that enters the chamber, and FIG. 13 is a camera output signal form showing the output levels of the photosensitive elements. The intensity level of the light passing through the object under study in the absence of refracting or absorbing light defects is 100%; however, in the case of complete refraction (Figs "5 and 11), the intensity level of the light passing through the object drops almost to zero. The bottom wall of the groove on the surface of the screen (Fig. 5) has a small angle of inclination; with g selected illumination, the refraction of light on the bottom wall of the groove is insufficient to detect it.
    Fig, 14 shows the defect of the screen of the television tube in the form of a disseminated 5
    0
    1
    (Pus.Z
    A-A
    In b
    And in in f
    Fig.Z
    5-6
    Phage. eight
    Fy
    il
    too so o
    FIG. 6
    12
    FIG. 9
    FIG. ten
    YY
    FIG. //
    A-A.
    FIG. /four
    12
    about 50 t
     I I
    FIG. 12
    I I I FIG. 13
    / 2
    Q iSOIOQ
    I I I


    I FIG. 15
    FIG. sixteen
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Claim
    1θ 1. A device for checking transparent glass products for the presence of refracting defects, containing a source of scattered light of uniform brightness, means for moving the product horizontally and a vertical linear array of photosensitive elements, characterized in that, in order to increase the sensitivity of determining 2Q refractive defects, it equipped with a biconvex lens mounted in front of the scattered light source at a distance equal to its focal length.
    25 2. The device according to p. ^ Characterized in that a mask is installed immediately in front of the scattered light source, covering the peripheral parts of the scattered light source and limiting the collimation angle.
    FIG. 1
    Fig.Z

    FIG. 6
    FIG. Yu r-r
    FIG. 13 d
    FIG. /4
    FIG. fifteen
    About 50 / oo I I I s s s s € <
    I I I
    FIG. fifteen
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    US4900916A|1990-02-13|System employing preconditioned radiation for detecting defects in transparent objects
    CN1008003B|1990-05-16|System for detecting selective refractive defects in transparent articles
    US2426355A|1947-08-26|Bottle inspection apparatus
    US3629595A|1971-12-21|Transparent container inspection apparatus
    US3533706A|1970-10-13|Inspecting glass
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CS549785A3|1992-08-12|
    RO94325A|1988-06-30|
    RO94325B|1988-07-01|
    DE3516752C2|1990-08-02|
    KR860001344A|1986-02-26|
    US4606634A|1986-08-19|
    DD239475A5|1986-09-24|
    KR920002176B1|1992-03-19|
    JPS6145956A|1986-03-06|
    DE3516752A1|1986-02-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE4200546A1|1992-01-11|1993-07-15|Alfill Getraenketechnik|Automatic sortation system for e.g. polyethylene terepthalate bottles - includes feeding through inspection device where faults generate corresp. signals and affected bottles are removed at suitable stations|
    DE4300169A1|1993-01-07|1994-07-14|Alfill Getraenketechnik|Method and device for testing bottles|US2798605A|1950-07-12|1957-07-09|Tele Tect Corp|Electronic inspection apparatus|
    US3199401A|1959-11-02|1965-08-10|Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co|Method and apparatus for optically detecting elongated defects in glass|
    US3094214A|1961-05-05|1963-06-18|Industrial Automation Corp|Automatic container fill-height inspection machine|
    US3245533A|1963-12-19|1966-04-12|Owens Illinois Glass Co|Inspecting glass container for horizontal checks|
    US3302787A|1963-12-19|1967-02-07|Owens Illinois Inc|Inspecting glass containers for line-over-finish defects|
    DE2339314A1|1973-08-03|1975-02-13|Kronseder Hermann|Optical testing of glass bottles - involves illuminating inspection field and scanning with photo-electronic components|
    US4025201A|1975-04-21|1977-05-24|Ball Brothers Service Corporation|Method and apparatus for video inspection of articles of manufacture by decussate paths of light|
    US4017194A|1975-09-22|1977-04-12|Anchor Hocking Corporation|Apparatus and method for differentiating between polymer coated glass containers and uncoated containers|
    US4378493A|1980-11-03|1983-03-29|Owens-Illinois, Inc.|Glass container sidewall defect detection system with a diffused and controlled light source|
    US4492476A|1981-02-20|1985-01-08|Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha|Defect detecting method and apparatus|US4750035A|1986-09-11|1988-06-07|Inex/Vistech Technologies, Inc.|Video container inspection with collimated viewing of plural containers|
    US4900916A|1988-03-02|1990-02-13|Ball Corporation|System employing preconditioned radiation for detecting defects in transparent objects|
    US5095204A|1990-08-30|1992-03-10|Ball Corporation|Machine vision inspection system and method for transparent containers|
    DE4128856A1|1991-08-30|1993-03-04|Deutsche Aerospace|Testing polystyrene medical tubes using automatic layout - by passing them through suitable e.g. illuminating field so that inhomogeneities affect detectors and trigger e.g. ejector|
    US5243400A|1992-04-27|1993-09-07|Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc.|Inspection of transparent containers|
    FR2696006B1|1992-09-21|1995-04-28|Alcatel Cable|Quality control device for polyethylene type sheathing.|
    JPH0642924A|1993-06-22|1994-02-18|Omron Corp|Visual observation apparatus|
    US6201600B1|1997-12-19|2001-03-13|Northrop Grumman Corporation|Method and apparatus for the automatic inspection of optically transmissive objects having a lens portion|
    US6104482A|1999-12-02|2000-08-15|Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc.|Container finish check detection|
    ES2172406B1|2000-06-27|2003-06-16|Guixa Ramon Viader|DEVICE FOR THE VISUAL ANALYSIS OF WINES AND ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.|
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    AT7634U1|2004-06-29|2005-06-27|Binder Co Ag|DETECTING DEVICE AND SORTING DEVICE|
    US7595870B2|2004-11-10|2009-09-29|Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc.|Optical inspection of container walls|
    US7880885B1|2008-11-13|2011-02-01|Lockheed Martin Corporation|Portable evaluation of window transmission|
    DE102011084562B4|2011-10-14|2018-02-15|Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh|Method and device for detecting and correcting spherical aberrations in a microscopic imaging beam path|
    FR2986326B1|2012-01-27|2014-03-14|Msc & Sgcc|OPTICAL METHOD FOR INSPECTING TRANSPARENT OR TRANSLUCENT ARTICLES TO ASSIGN AN OPTICAL REFERENCE ADJUSTMENT TO THE VISION SYSTEM|
    EP3237834B1|2014-12-22|2020-02-19|Pirelli Tyre S.p.A.|Apparatus for controlling tyres in a production line|
    MX2017007772A|2014-12-22|2017-10-02|Pirelli|Method and apparatus for checking tyres in a production line.|
    JP6016150B2|2016-02-12|2016-10-26|株式会社東京精密|Grinding slip line observation device and grinding slip line observation method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US06/634,930|US4606634A|1984-07-27|1984-07-27|System for detecting selective refractive defects in transparent articles|
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